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In 1519, the Spanish explorer, Hernan Cortes, left the city of Vera Cruz to invade the Mexican capital at Tenochtitlan. This city was founded in 1325 by the Nahua people on an island in Mexico's Lake Texcoco. The Nahua divided the city into four zones, and each zone was divided into districts called calpullis.

The city-state was equipped like many cities of old in Europe and the Middle East. The residents enjoyed public buildings, schools, and temples. There was also a ceremonial center of the city, home of gladiator fights and human sacrifice, and the temple of Quetzalcoatl. The emperor Montezuma enjoyed a palace with 100 rooms.

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Fortunately, Hernan Cortes was careful enough to describe his first visit to this well-planned city in written form:

"The streets are very wide and very straight; some of these are on the land, but the rest and all the smaller ones are half on land, half canals where they paddle their canoes..."

Causeways connected the Tenochtitlan settlement to the mainland, and bridges allowed boats and canoes to move through.

The city of Tenochtitlan was also where Hernan Cortes infamously took the emperor Montezuma captive for several months until the governor of Cuba, Diego Velazquez, sent another force of Spaniards to punish him for disobedience. Cortes had to leave the city-state temporarily to address the force soon to be arriving on the coast.

Today in Mexico, visitors can visit the ruins of Tenochtitlan in the capital of Mexico City.